The “mother” of Mother’s Day
Historical precedents aside, today’s version of Mother’s Day in the United States can be attributed to the tireless efforts of Anna Jarvis, who wasn’t actually a mother herself. She organized the first observance in 1908 to honor her own mother, who had died three years earlier. Katharine Antolini, author of Memorializing Motherhood: Anna Jarvis and the Struggle for Control of Mother’s Day, explains, “It wasn’t to celebrate all mothers. It was to celebrate the best mother you’ve ever known—your mother.” In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson named Mother’s Day an official holiday.
Respect for mothers ran in the family
A portrait of Mother’s Day founder Anna Jarvis.
Interestingly, as Time magazine reports, Jarvis’s mother, Ann, had wanted to start a holiday for mothers in the mid-19th century, but her idea was strikingly different: She envisioned a community-service day for mothers to help other mothers in need. This was partly inspired by Ann’s own tragedies: She gave birth to 13 children, but only four of them lived to adulthood. At the time, typhoid fever was ripping through her Appalachian community, and she and her doctor brother organized informational sessions called Mothers’ Day Work Clubs. Their purpose was to educate women about proper hygiene and give their children a better chance of staying healthy.
Moms on a mission for peace
The origin of Mother’s Day also has an anti-war history. In the 1870s, Julia Ward Howe, the abolitionist, feminist, and suffragette who wrote the lyrics for “Battle Hymn of the Republic,” penned the “Mother’s Day Proclamation.” It called for mothers to band together to promote peace. Later, she also unsuccessfully pushed for the creation of a holiday called Mother’s Peace Day. Around the same time, Ann Jarvis organized Mothers’ Friendship Day, during which mothers met with former soldiers from the Union and the Confederacy to encourage reconciliation and find a way for the country to move forward.
What happened to Anna Jarvis?
In a bitterly ironic twist, a holiday that’s celebrated with hugs and flowers became one of anger, obsession, and litigation for Anna Jarvis. She felt that the holiday was being hijacked by the greeting card, candy, and flower industries, corrupting her original vision of Mother’s Day. She organized boycotts and protests, spoke out against people including Eleanor Roosevelt for using the day to raise money for charity, and was involved in 33 lawsuits by 1944. “To have Mother’s Day the burdensome, wasteful, expensive gift day that Christmas and other special days have become, is not our pleasure,” she wrote in the 1920s. “If the American people are not willing to protect Mother’s Day from the hordes of money schemers that would overwhelm it with their schemes, then we shall cease having a Mother’s Day—and we know how.” Her tenacity never waned, and she dedicated her entire life and savings to fighting against the commercialization of the holiday. She spent some of her final years in a sanitarium, and she died, penniless, in 1948.
Coretta Scott King
Mothers fighting for a cause once again
Mothers are the ultimate advocates for their children—and historically, they have been powerful forces of change. Following in the footsteps of Ann Jarvis, some women in the second half of the 20th century used Mother’s Day to draw attention to important causes. For example, History.com reports that Coretta Scott King organized a march in 1968 to fight for underprivileged women and children, and in the 1970s, women’s groups used the day to discuss equal rights and access to childcare.
Celebrations around the world
Each country has its own Mother’s Day origins and celebratory twists. Mexican moms, for example, are feted all day with food, flowers, and music. That music includes a serenade by mariachi singers with the song “Las Mañanitas.” In Ethiopia, during the fall Antrosht festival that honors mothers, families make a traditional meat hash; daughters bring vegetables and cheese for it, while sons bring meat. In India, Hindus have long celebrated a ten-day festival in October honoring their Divine Mother, Durga, and a westernized version of Mother’s Day is officially observed on May 10. And in France—where, in 1920, mothers of big families were given medals for helping to rebuild the population after World War I—the traditional gift is a flower-shaped cake.
Pass on those overpriced roses…
While the flower industry took the concept of Mother’s Day and ran with it (right to the bank), the original flower of Mother’s Day was the unassuming white carnation. It was Ann Jarvis’s favorite, and as Anna said in a 1927 interview, “The carnation does not drop its petals, but hugs them to its heart as it dies, and so, too, mothers hug their children to their hearts, their mother love never dying.”
No matter what, Moms really, really deserve a celebration day
Mother’s Day is an acknowledgment of all moms do. Consider that by a baby’s second birthday, its diaper will have been changed approximately 7,300 times. Each diaper change by Mom takes approximately two minutes (whereas each diaper change by Dad takes about one and a half minutes). Preschool-age children demand Mom’s attention approximately 210 times per day (or every four minutes). Moms of preschool-age children spend approximately three hours per day on childcare and approximately two hours on household chores. Nevertheless, 72% of moms with children over one year old work, and 55% of moms with a child under one year old work. For moms who work, the workday plus childcare and chore time equals, on average, a 13-hour day.
Sources:
How Stuff Works: “Who came up with Mother’s Day and why?”
National Geographic: “Mother’s Day Turns 100: Its Surprisingly Dark History”
Time: “The Surprisingly Sad Origins of Mother’s Day”
History: “Mother’s Day 2021”
Time: “Here’s How 9 Other Countries Celebrate Mother’s Day”
Scholastic: “Mother’s Day Traditions Around the World”
National Geographic: “7 Things You Don’t Know About Mother’s Day’s Dark History”
NRF: “Mother’s Day Data Center”